Edit the below file, play with it !
/etc/grub.conf - Redhat versions ( Fedora too )
/boot/grub/menu.lst - Others
Friday, October 16, 2009
Sunday, August 16, 2009
Recovering root password - Single User Mode
This post doesn't have a heading that suits well but this is the best way to let many understand something. Hey.. have you lost your root password and wonder you can't be root again? No way!!! Everything is possible. During system boot, select the linux operating system and edit by pressing e. Select the kernel inside of which you want to be root and edit the second line. Append a 1 or 's' or 'single' to the end of the line (instead of e for edit, you may use a for append). This way you switches to run level 1 ( root user) and next time onwards the kernel is loaded with run level 1. Details on run levels can be found in the file /etc/inittab.
Once booted as root you can easily change the root password by using the command "passwd" and later switch to other run levels. This technique can also be used in situations where a system will not boot normally, due to the state of the filesystem, the absence of startup files, or incorrect configuration.
Well..does this seem some sort of a loop hole and really big a flaw? It is not.. Set a grub password and you'll need to enter it for editing grub options and so also to change the access level.. Easiest of ways but involves yet another password. If you're not convinced that another password cannot solve the issue, there are more ways, i'll call them scrapy.. Lets discuss those later.. For the time being, please play with the root. But for god's sake , please don't be social engineers :)
Once booted as root you can easily change the root password by using the command "passwd" and later switch to other run levels. This technique can also be used in situations where a system will not boot normally, due to the state of the filesystem, the absence of startup files, or incorrect configuration.
Well..does this seem some sort of a loop hole and really big a flaw? It is not.. Set a grub password and you'll need to enter it for editing grub options and so also to change the access level.. Easiest of ways but involves yet another password. If you're not convinced that another password cannot solve the issue, there are more ways, i'll call them scrapy.. Lets discuss those later.. For the time being, please play with the root. But for god's sake , please don't be social engineers :)
Sunday, August 2, 2009
Fedora Text mode / CLI ( Command Line Interface ) Installation
Just Press Tab to edit as shown in the image. In the next window, enter "linux text" at the prompt and press ENTER. The installation will proceed in CLI which is faster than GUI mode.
NTLDR missing -- can't boot into windows after Fedora Installation !!!
This is problem that might have occurred with several users after installing Fedora or any other Linux and choosing dual boot. It may happen that when we try to boot into Windows (or may be others), a black screen shows "NTLDR missing -- Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to reboot". First of all, NTLDR is an acronym for NT Loader, a windows boot loader. The above mentioned problem occurs due to the the entry in grub(Linux boot loader) points to a wrong partition where windows actually is not installed.
Solution:
Select the non booting windows option during boot operation and press 'e' to edit it. There the hard disk drive partion on which windows is installed will be specified, a wrong entry for the partition when facing the above probelm. Change it suitably. If windows is installed on partition n, the entry has to be (n-1) .. For example, if the partition is 4, the entry has to be 3 and so on. The problem will be solved.
Solution:
Select the non booting windows option during boot operation and press 'e' to edit it. There the hard disk drive partion on which windows is installed will be specified, a wrong entry for the partition when facing the above probelm. Change it suitably. If windows is installed on partition n, the entry has to be (n-1) .. For example, if the partition is 4, the entry has to be 3 and so on. The problem will be solved.
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